tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47112469721583285752024-02-19T12:34:27.067+07:00MUHD. RIZKI RAMADHANGIS UNJAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04479961250639572265noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711246972158328575.post-28071137424528926382010-10-13T18:50:00.003+07:002010-10-13T18:50:13.024+07:00Profil Tanah<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan profil tanah<o:p></o:p></span></b></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Proses pembentukan tanah menyangkut beberapa hal :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan bahan-bahan dari tempat lain ke tanah </span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">misalnya :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan air hujan, embun dan lain-lain<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan O<sub>2</sub> dan CO<sub>2</sub> dari atmosfer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan N, Cl, S dari atmosfer dan curah hujan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan bahan organik dari sisa tanaman dan hewan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Bahan endapan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Energi sinar matahari<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan bahan-bahan yang ada di tanah :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan air melalui penguapan (evapotranspirasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan N melalui denitrifikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan C (bahan organik) sebagai CO<sub>2</sub> karena dekomposisi bahan organik <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan tanah karena erosi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan energi karena radiasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bentuk (transformation) :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bahan organik kasar menjadi humus<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penghancuran pasir menjadi debu kemudian menjadi liat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan struktur tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pelapukan mineral dan pembentukan mineral liat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan konkresi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan dalam solum</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan liat, bahan organik, Fe, Al dari lapisan atas ke lapisan bawah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan unsur hara dari lapisan bawah ke lapisan atas melalui siklus kegiatan vegetasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan tanah dari lapisan bawah ke lapisan atas atau sebaliknya melalui kegiatan hewan seperti tikus, rayap, dsb<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan garam-garam dari lapisan bawah ke lapisan atas melalui air kapiler<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Beberapa contoh proses pembentukan tanah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <h3>No</h3></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Proses<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Arti<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <h3>Ket*</h3></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <h2>Eluviasi </h2></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan bahan-bahan tanah dari suatu horizon ke horizon lain<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Iluviasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan bahan-bahan tanah dalam suatu horizon<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Leaching <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencucian basa-basa (unsur hara) dari tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Enrichment <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan basa-basa (hara) dari tempat lain <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dekalsifikasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan CaCO<sub>3</sub> dari tanah atau horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kalsifikasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan CaCO<sub>3</sub> dari tanah atau horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Desalinisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan garam-garam mudah larut dari tanah atau suatu horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Salinisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan garam-garam mudah larut dari tanah atau suatu horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dealkalinisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(solodisasi) <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencucian ion-ion Na dari tanah atau horizon tanah <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Alkalinisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan ion-ion Na dari tanah atau horizon tanah <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Lessivage<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencucian (pemindahan) liat dari suatu horizon ke horizon lain dalam bentuk suspensi (secara mekanik). Dapat terbentuk tanah Ultisol (Podzolik) atau Alfisol<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pedoturbasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencampuran secara fisik atau biologik beberapa horizon tanah sehingga horizon-horizon tanah yang telah terbentuk menjadi hilang. Terjadi pada tanah Vertisol (Grumusol)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Podzolisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Silikasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan Al dan Fe dan atau bahan organik dari suatu horizon ke horizon lain secara kimia. Si tidak ikut tercuci sehingga pada horizon yang tercuci meningkat konsentrasinya. Dapat terbentuk pada tanah Spodosol (Podzol)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Desilikasi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(ferralisasi, laterisasi, latosolisasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan silika secara kimia keluar dari solum tanah sehingga konsentrasi Fe dan Al meningkat secara relatif. Terjadi di daerah tropika dimana curah hujan dan suhu tinggi sehingga Si mudah larut. Dapat terbentuk tanah Oksisol (Laterit, Latosol)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Melanisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan warna hitam (gelap) pada tanah karena pencampuran bahan organik dengan bahan mineral. Dapat terbentuk tanah Mollisol<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Leusinisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan horison pucat karena pencucian bahan organik<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Braunifikasi, Rubifikasi, Feruginasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pelepasan besi dari mineral primer dan dispersi partikel-partikel besi oksida yang makin meningkat. Berdasar besarnya oksidasi dan hidrasi dari besi oksida tersebut maka dapat menjadi berwarna coklat (braunifikasi), coklat kemerahan (rubifikasi) atau merah (feruginasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Gleisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Reduksi besi karena keadaan anaerob (tergenang air) sehingga terbentuk warna kebiruan atau kelabu kehijauan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Littering<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Akumulasi bahan organik setebal kurang dari 30 cm di permukaan tanah mineral<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Humifikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bahan organik kasar menjasi humus<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">* Keterangan :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">penambahan bahan ke tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan bahan dari tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bentuk (transformasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan dalam solum<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>GIS UNJAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04479961250639572265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711246972158328575.post-49572692332248616192010-10-13T18:46:00.000+07:002010-10-13T18:46:13.607+07:00GIS<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan profil tanah<o:p></o:p></span></b></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Proses pembentukan tanah menyangkut beberapa hal :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan bahan-bahan dari tempat lain ke tanah </span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">misalnya :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan air hujan, embun dan lain-lain<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan O<sub>2</sub> dan CO<sub>2</sub> dari atmosfer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan N, Cl, S dari atmosfer dan curah hujan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan bahan organik dari sisa tanaman dan hewan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Bahan endapan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Energi sinar matahari<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan bahan-bahan yang ada di tanah :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan air melalui penguapan (evapotranspirasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan N melalui denitrifikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan C (bahan organik) sebagai CO<sub>2</sub> karena dekomposisi bahan organik <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan tanah karena erosi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan energi karena radiasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bentuk (transformation) :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bahan organik kasar menjadi humus<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penghancuran pasir menjadi debu kemudian menjadi liat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan struktur tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pelapukan mineral dan pembentukan mineral liat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan konkresi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan dalam solum</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan liat, bahan organik, Fe, Al dari lapisan atas ke lapisan bawah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan unsur hara dari lapisan bawah ke lapisan atas melalui siklus kegiatan vegetasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan tanah dari lapisan bawah ke lapisan atas atau sebaliknya melalui kegiatan hewan seperti tikus, rayap, dsb<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan garam-garam dari lapisan bawah ke lapisan atas melalui air kapiler<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Beberapa contoh proses pembentukan tanah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <h3>No</h3></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Proses<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Arti<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <h3>Ket*</h3></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <h2>Eluviasi </h2></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan bahan-bahan tanah dari suatu horizon ke horizon lain<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Iluviasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan bahan-bahan tanah dalam suatu horizon<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Leaching <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencucian basa-basa (unsur hara) dari tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Enrichment <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penambahan basa-basa (hara) dari tempat lain <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dekalsifikasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan CaCO<sub>3</sub> dari tanah atau horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kalsifikasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan CaCO<sub>3</sub> dari tanah atau horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Desalinisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan garam-garam mudah larut dari tanah atau suatu horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Salinisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan garam-garam mudah larut dari tanah atau suatu horizon tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dealkalinisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(solodisasi) <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencucian ion-ion Na dari tanah atau horizon tanah <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Alkalinisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penimbunan ion-ion Na dari tanah atau horizon tanah <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Lessivage<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencucian (pemindahan) liat dari suatu horizon ke horizon lain dalam bentuk suspensi (secara mekanik). Dapat terbentuk tanah Ultisol (Podzolik) atau Alfisol<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pedoturbasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencampuran secara fisik atau biologik beberapa horizon tanah sehingga horizon-horizon tanah yang telah terbentuk menjadi hilang. Terjadi pada tanah Vertisol (Grumusol)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Podzolisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Silikasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan Al dan Fe dan atau bahan organik dari suatu horizon ke horizon lain secara kimia. Si tidak ikut tercuci sehingga pada horizon yang tercuci meningkat konsentrasinya. Dapat terbentuk pada tanah Spodosol (Podzol)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Desilikasi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(ferralisasi, laterisasi, latosolisasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan silika secara kimia keluar dari solum tanah sehingga konsentrasi Fe dan Al meningkat secara relatif. Terjadi di daerah tropika dimana curah hujan dan suhu tinggi sehingga Si mudah larut. Dapat terbentuk tanah Oksisol (Laterit, Latosol)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Melanisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan warna hitam (gelap) pada tanah karena pencampuran bahan organik dengan bahan mineral. Dapat terbentuk tanah Mollisol<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Leusinisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembentukan horison pucat karena pencucian bahan organik<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Braunifikasi, Rubifikasi, Feruginasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pelepasan besi dari mineral primer dan dispersi partikel-partikel besi oksida yang makin meningkat. Berdasar besarnya oksidasi dan hidrasi dari besi oksida tersebut maka dapat menjadi berwarna coklat (braunifikasi), coklat kemerahan (rubifikasi) atau merah (feruginasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Gleisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Reduksi besi karena keadaan anaerob (tergenang air) sehingga terbentuk warna kebiruan atau kelabu kehijauan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3,4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Littering<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Akumulasi bahan organik setebal kurang dari 30 cm di permukaan tanah mineral<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Humifikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 262.2pt;" valign="top" width="350"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bahan organik kasar menjasi humus<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">* Keterangan :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">penambahan bahan ke tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kehilangan bahan dari tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan bentuk (transformasi)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemindahan dalam solum<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>GIS UNJAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04479961250639572265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711246972158328575.post-85704988108251998912010-10-13T18:34:00.000+07:002010-10-13T18:34:52.085+07:00gis<a href="http://muhd.rizkiramadhan.bogspot.com/"></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3BBGn3tkWfYZO3qdMjFii8mp3bgHmEPFRgncSJ89rfCjCOPfp0q0jGbSw3p8diRHZP1pi90NRW8MzuelB-0KZPW0m6nIrLwxQzsKHsOPkuv9SWlewtCeIh_CRVYCVhIQNCiOVdLTqXI/s1600/DSC02894.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3BBGn3tkWfYZO3qdMjFii8mp3bgHmEPFRgncSJ89rfCjCOPfp0q0jGbSw3p8diRHZP1pi90NRW8MzuelB-0KZPW0m6nIrLwxQzsKHsOPkuv9SWlewtCeIh_CRVYCVhIQNCiOVdLTqXI/s1600/DSC02894.jpg" /></a></div>GIS UNJAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04479961250639572265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711246972158328575.post-58701319944967684672010-10-13T01:08:00.000+07:002010-10-13T01:08:09.651+07:00BULAN HIJRIAH<div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Kalender Islam</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">menggunakan peredaran bulan sebagai acuannya, berbeda dengan kalender biasa (kalender Masehi) yang menggunakan peredaran matahari.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Penetapan kalender Hijriyah dilakukan pada jaman Khalifah Umar bin Khatab, yang menetapkan peristiwa hijrahnya Rasulullah saw dari Mekah ke Madinah.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Kalender Hijriyah juga terdiri dari 12 bulan, dengan jumlah hari berkisar 29 - 30 hari. Penetapan 12 bulan ini sesuai dengan firman Allah Subhana Wata'ala: ”Sesungguhnya bilangan bulan pada sisi Allah ialah dua belas bulan, dalam ketetapan Allah di waktu Dia menciptakan langit dan bumi, di antaranya empat bulan haram. Itulah (ketetapan) agama yang lurus, maka janganlah kamu menganiaya diri kamu dalam bulan yang empat itu, dan perangilah kaum musyrikin itu semuanya sebagaimana mereka pun memerangi kamu semuanya; dan ketahuilah bahwasanya Allah beserta orang-orang yang bertakwa.” (QS : At Taubah(9):36).</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sebelumnya, orang arab pra-kerasulan Rasulullah Muhammad SAW telah menggunakan bulan-bulan dalam kalender hijriyah ini. Hanya saja mereka tidak menetapkan ini tahun berapa, tetapi tahun apa. Misalnya saja kita mengetahui bahwa kelahiran Rasulullah SAW adalah di tahun gajah.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Abu Musa Al-Asyári sebagai salah satu gubernur di zaman Khalifah Umar r.a. menulis surat kepada Amirul Mukminin yang isinya menanyakan surat-surat dari khalifah yang tidak ada tahunnya, hanya tanggal dan bulan saja, sehingga membingungkan. Khalifah Umar lalu mengumpulkan beberapa sahabat senior waktu itu. Mereka adalah Utsman bin Affan r.a., Ali bin Abi Thalib r.a., Abdurrahman bin Auf r.a., Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas r.a., Zubair bin Awwam r.a., dan Thalhan bin Ubaidillah r.a. Mereka bermusyawarah mengenai kalender Islam. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ada</st1:place></st1:city> yang mengusulkan berdasarkan milad Rasulullah saw. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ada</st1:place></st1:city> juga yang mengusulkan berdasarkan pengangkatan Muhammad saw menjadi Rasul. Dan yang diterima adalah usul dari Ali bin Abi Thalib r.a. yaitu berdasarkan momentum hijrah Rasulullah SAW dari Makkah ke Yatstrib (Madinah).</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Maka semuanya setuju dengan usulan Ali r.a. dan ditetapkan bahwa tahun pertama dalam kalender Islam adalah pada masa hijrahnya Rasulullah saw.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sedangkan nama-nama bulan dalam kalender hijriyah ini diambil dari nama-nama bulan yang telah ada dan berlaku di masa itu di bangsa Arab.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Orang Arab memberi nama bulan-bulan mereka dengan melihat keadaan alam dan masyarakat pada masa-masa tertentu sepanjang tahun. Misalnya bulan Ramadhan, dinamai demikian karena pada bulan Ramadhan waktu itu udara sangat panas seperti membakar kulit rasanya. Berikut adalah arti nama-nama bulan dalam Islam:</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">MUHARRAM,</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">artinya: yang diharamkan atau yang menjadi pantangan. Penamaan Muharram, sebab pada bulan itu dilarang menumpahkan darah atau berperang. Larangan tesebut berlaku sampai masa awal Islam.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">SHAFAR</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, artinya: kosong. Penamaan Shafar, karena pada bulan itu semua orang laki-laki Arab dahulu pergi meninggalkan rumah untuk merantau, berniaga dan berperang, sehingga pemukiman mereka kosong dari orang laki-laki.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">RABI'ULAWAL</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, artinya: berasal dari kata rabi’ (menetap) dan awal (pertama). Maksudnya masa kembalinya kaum laki-laki yang telah meninqgalkan rumah atau merantau. Jadi awal menetapnya kaum laki-laki di rumah. Pada bulan ini banyak peristiwa bersejarah bagi umat Islam, antara lain: Nabi Muhammad saw lahir, diangkat menjadi Rasul, melakukan hijrah, dan wafat pada bulan ini juga.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">RABIU'ULAKHIR</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, artinya: masa menetapnya kaum laki-laki untuk terakhir atau penghabisan.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">JUMADILAWAL</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">nama bulan kelima. Berasal dari kata jumadi (kering) dan awal (pertama). Penamaan Jumadil Awal, karena bulan ini merupakan awal musim kemarau, di mana mulai terjadi kekeringan.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">JUMADILAKHIR</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, artinya: musim kemarau yang penghabisan.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">RAJAB,</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">artinya: mulia. Penamaan Rajab, karena bangsa Arab tempo dulu sangat memuliakan bulan ini, antara lain dengan melarang berperang.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">SYA'BAN</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, artinya: berkelompok. Penamaan Sya’ban karena orang-orang Arab pada bulan ini lazimnya berkelompok mencari nafkah. Peristiwa penting bagi umat Islam yang terjadi pada bulan ini adalah perpindahan kiblat dari Baitul Muqaddas ke Ka’bah (Baitullah).</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">RAMADHAN</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, artinya: sangat panas. Bulan Ramadhan merupakan satu-satunya bulan yang tersebut dalam Al-Quran, Satu bulan yang memiliki keutamaan, kesucian, dan aneka keistimewaan. Hal itu dikarenakan peristiwa-peristiwa peting seperti: Allah menurunkan ayat-ayat Al-Quran pertama kali, ada malam Lailatul Qadar, yakni malam yang sangat tinggi nilainya, karena para malaikat turun untuk memberkati orang-orang beriman yang sedang beribadah, bulan ini ditetapkan sebagai waktu ibadah puasa wajib, pada bulan ini kaurn muslimin dapat rnenaklukan kaum musyrik dalarn perang Badar Kubra dan pada bulan ini juga Nabi Muhammad saw berhasil mengambil alih kota Mekah dan mengakhiri penyembahan berhala yang dilakukan oleh kaum musyrik.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">SYAWWAL</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, artinya: kebahagiaan. Maksudnya kembalinya manusia ke dalam fitrah (kesucian) karena usai menunaikan ibadah puasa dan membayar zakat serta saling bermaaf-maafan. Itulah yang mernbahagiakan.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">DZULQAIDAH</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, berasal dari kata dzul (pemilik) dan qa’dah (duduk). Penamaan Dzulqaidah, karena bulan itu merupakan waktu istirahat bagi kaum laki-laki Arab dahulu. Mereka menikmatmnya dengan duduk-duduk di rumah.</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">DZULHIJJAH</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">artinya: yang menunaikan haji. Penamaan Dzulhijjah, sebab pada bulan ini umat Islam sejak Nabi Adam as. menunaikan ibadah haji.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(sa/kaskus/bdm.am.ac/imerzone/eramuslim.com)</span><span style="color: #3a453b; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div>GIS UNJAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04479961250639572265noreply@blogger.com0